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HastCode explains how real systems are built for mid-to-senior backend engineers, focusing on the architecture, design choices, and operational costs behind the software they use and run.
How Cloudflare D1 keeps its central Postgres off the query path of millions of SQLite databases, at the price of limits that act seconds late.
Structured concurrency ties concurrent tasks to the block that starts them, so none outlives its parent and errors and cancellation follow the tree.
On 23 October a fan-out of Dependabot alert events flooded a shared queue and delayed push events. GitHub isolated it and throttled it.
How HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 reuse connections, where each one breaks, and which to use for calls between services.
How Netflix's Titus gives a few noisy or sensitive workloads a dedicated, right-sized EC2 instance under the same container API, and what that costs.
A metastable failure outlives its trigger because a loop such as retries keeps the system overloaded. How the loop works and what breaks it.
On 23 October a fan-out of Dependabot alert events flooded a shared queue and delayed push events. GitHub isolated it and throttled it.
FrankenPHP embeds the PHP interpreter in the Caddy web server: one Go binary, a worker mode, no PHP-FPM, but every extension must be thread-safe.
OpenShell is NVIDIA's self-hosted sandbox runtime for AI agents: kernel-enforced policy and a credential proxy, at the cost of a fast-moving 0.1 API.
witr is a single-binary CLI and TUI that traces a process, port, container or file to what started it: a point-in-time diagnostic, not a monitor.
etcd is a Raft-replicated, linearizable key-value store for coordination-sized data; fast disks and a few-gigabyte ceiling are the price.
Apache Iggy is a Kafka-shaped message streaming log in one Rust binary, built for tail latency; pre-1.0, so upgrades need a fresh data directory.